Winery Lab Techniques

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Standard plate assay Hemacytometer:

With a counting chamber, mostly called Hemacytometer, one is able to measure cell densities > 10000 ml/L and at a relative small size (~5 – 50 µm, single cells or short chains) under the microscope. As the name suggests it has been developed for counting blood cells but it is now widely established in a huge variety of fields.

Because the Brix scale is an assessment of specific gravity the reading is sensitive to temperature. The observed Brix reading can be corrected for temperature using the following scale. The Brix scale is set for a temperature of 20 C, below this temperature the solution is less dense than the reading indicates so the table gives the value to subtract to obtain the equivalent Brix value at 20 C. At higher temperatures the solution is more dense than the reading indicates so the table gives you the value to add to adjust the Brix.

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The assimilation test, used for the taxonomy in yeast, is an agar that is made up and inoculated with a yeast and a carbohydrate. It is then incubates anywhere from 1-3 days, or ever up to 24 days to allow the identification of yeast that are slow metabolizers. It can be run in carbon and nitrogen based media made with distilled water (Ahearn et al, 1960).

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Antibody-based identification methods have been used in some form for decades. They are now commonly used for the rapid detection and identification of microbes in food microbiology. Antigens are protein compounds that bind to particular cell structures or derivatives that are usually harmful. Antibodies are made to recognize these harmful structures and tag them for degradation in the body. The antibody-antigen reaction can be very specific and therefore can be used to quantitate the level of antigen.

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